About Mental Illness >> Bipolar Disorder

Mania Phase The symptoms of this phase may include:

• Dramatic elation. A sensation of being on top of the world that nothing can change.

• Grandiose delusions. Feeling of special connections with holy figures, celebrities or political leaders.

• Excessively risky behavior. A feeling of invincibility that may also include reckless behavior, eccentric and outlandish spending, irrational business decisions, or unexpected sexual behavior.

• Hyperactivity. An inability to rest or relax. Constant motion throughout the day and night.

• Racing thoughts and speech. Rapid shifts in topics, loud and sometimes incoherent speech.

• Sudden irritability or anger. Outbursts that may follow the disruption of grandiose plans and schemes.

• Less need for sleep. Staying awake for 3 or 4 days or more.

Depressed Phase The symptoms of this phase may include:

• Deep sadness or despair. An intense feeling of helplessness and worthlessness.

• Disinterest. Ignores the people and activities they previously enjoyed.

• Sleep difficulties. Insomnia, sleeping too much, or inability to sleep restfully.

• Difficulty concentrating. No ability to stay focused on work, conversations or chores

• Loss of energy. A persistent fatigue no matter how much sleep.

• Appetite changes. A significant weight loss or a noticeable increase in appetite

• Thoughts of death or suicide. A serious and constant risk.

The timing and duration of these symptom "episodes" is difficult to predict and can vary greatly from person to person. Generally, the depressive episodes last longer than the manic episodes.

Depressive episodes can last months or longer, especially if untreated, while the manic episodes are generally measured by days or weeks.

The possible causes
It's likely that both genetics and environment play a role in the development and onset of bipolar disorder.

Since the disease tends to run in families, a genetic factor is probably at the root of the disease. An overwhelming majority - as many as 90% -- of people diagnosed with bipolar disorder have a relative known to suffer from either depression or bipolar disorder.

Research has also explored other physiological factors, including irregularities in the how brain cells communicate, and an abnormal production or release of hormones.

And while genetics clearly play a role, what causes the actual onset of bipolar disorder is not well understood.

Studies have shown that both manic and depressive phases may be triggered by incidents of physical or emotional trauma, dramatic life changes, or the loss of a relationship. Physical illnesses and hormonal changes have both been linked to the onset of an episode, as well as alcohol or drug abuse.

Following the first manic or depressive episode, symptoms may occur for no clear reason, making the disease especially unpredictable.

But, with the help of physicians, caregivers, family and friends, many people with bipolar disorder are able to live satisfying and productive lives.